.

projects/11/Average/Main.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Average/Main.jack
+
+// (Same as projects/09/Average/Main.jack)
+
+// Inputs some numbers and computes their average
+class Main {
+   function void main() {
+     var Array a; 
+     var int length;
+     var int i, sum;
+
+     let length = Keyboard.readInt("How many numbers? ");
+     let a = Array.new(length); // constructs the array
+     
+     let i = 0;
+     while (i < length) {
+        let a[i] = Keyboard.readInt("Enter a number: ");
+        let sum = sum + a[i];
+        let i = i + 1;
+     }
+     
+     do Output.printString("The average is ");
+     do Output.printInt(sum / length);
+     return;
+   }
+}

projects/11/Average/Main.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+function Main.main 4
+push constant 18
+call String.new 1
+push constant 72
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 111
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 119
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 109
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 110
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 121
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 110
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 109
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 98
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 63
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Keyboard.readInt 1
+pop local 1
+push local 1
+call Array.new 1
+pop local 0
+push constant 0
+pop local 2
+label L0
+push local 2
+push local 1
+lt
+not
+if-goto L1
+push local 0
+push local 2
+push constant 16
+call String.new 1
+push constant 69
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 110
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 110
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 109
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 98
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Keyboard.readInt 1
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 3
+push local 0
+push local 2
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+add
+pop local 3
+push local 2
+push constant 1
+add
+pop local 2
+goto L0
+label L1
+push constant 15
+call String.new 1
+push constant 84
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 104
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 118
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 103
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 105
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 3
+push local 1
+call Math.divide 2
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/ComplexArrays/Main.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/ComplexArrays/Main.jack
+
+/**
+ * Performs several complex array processing tests.
+ * For each test, the expected result is printed, along with the
+ * actual result. In each test, the two results should be equal.
+ */
+class Main {
+
+    function void main() {
+        var Array a, b, c;
+        
+        let a = Array.new(10);
+        let b = Array.new(5);
+        let c = Array.new(1);
+        
+        let a[3] = 2;
+        let a[4] = 8;
+        let a[5] = 4;
+        let b[a[3]] = a[3] + 3;  // b[2] = 5
+        let a[b[a[3]]] = a[a[5]] * b[((7 - a[3]) - Main.double(2)) + 1];  // a[5] = 8 * 5 = 40
+        let c[0] = null;
+        let c = c[0];
+        
+        do Output.printString("Test 1: expected result: 5; actual result: ");
+        do Output.printInt(b[2]);
+        do Output.println();
+        do Output.printString("Test 2: expected result: 40; actual result: ");
+        do Output.printInt(a[5]);
+        do Output.println();
+        do Output.printString("Test 3: expected result: 0; actual result: ");
+        do Output.printInt(c);
+        do Output.println();
+        
+        let c = null;
+
+        if (c = null) {
+            do Main.fill(a, 10);
+            let c = a[3];
+            let c[1] = 33;
+            let c = a[7];
+            let c[1] = 77;
+            let b = a[3];
+            let b[1] = b[1] + c[1];  // b[1] = 33 + 77 = 110;
+        }
+
+        do Output.printString("Test 4: expected result: 77; actual result: ");
+        do Output.printInt(c[1]);
+        do Output.println();
+        do Output.printString("Test 5: expected result: 110; actual result: ");
+        do Output.printInt(b[1]);
+        do Output.println();
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    function int double(int a) {
+    	return a * 2;
+    }
+    
+    function void fill(Array a, int size) {
+        while (size > 0) {
+            let size = size - 1;
+            let a[size] = Array.new(3);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/ComplexArrays/Main.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+function Main.main 3
+push constant 10
+call Array.new 1
+pop local 0
+push constant 5
+call Array.new 1
+pop local 1
+push constant 1
+call Array.new 1
+pop local 2
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+push constant 2
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 0
+push constant 4
+push constant 8
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 0
+push constant 5
+push constant 4
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 1
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 0
+push local 1
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+push local 0
+push local 0
+push constant 5
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+push local 1
+push constant 7
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+sub
+push constant 2
+call Main.double 1
+sub
+push constant 1
+add
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+call Math.multiply 2
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 2
+push constant 0
+push constant 0
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 2
+push constant 0
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+pop local 2
+push constant 43
+call String.new 1
+push constant 84
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 49
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 120
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 112
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 100
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 53
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 59
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 1
+push constant 2
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+call Output.println 0
+pop temp 0
+push constant 44
+call String.new 1
+push constant 84
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 50
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 120
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 112
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 100
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 52
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 48
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 59
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 0
+push constant 5
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+call Output.println 0
+pop temp 0
+push constant 43
+call String.new 1
+push constant 84
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 51
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 120
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 112
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 100
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 48
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 59
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 2
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+call Output.println 0
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+pop local 2
+push local 2
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+if-goto L0
+push local 0
+push constant 10
+call Main.fill 2
+pop temp 0
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+pop local 2
+push local 2
+push constant 1
+push constant 33
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 0
+push constant 7
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+pop local 2
+push local 2
+push constant 1
+push constant 77
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+push local 0
+push constant 3
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+pop local 1
+push local 1
+push constant 1
+push local 1
+push constant 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+push local 2
+push constant 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+add
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+goto L1
+label L0
+label L1
+push constant 44
+call String.new 1
+push constant 84
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 52
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 120
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 112
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 100
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 55
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 55
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 59
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 2
+push constant 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+call Output.println 0
+pop temp 0
+push constant 45
+call String.new 1
+push constant 84
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 53
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 120
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 112
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 100
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 49
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 49
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 48
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 59
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 115
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 117
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 108
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 116
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 1
+push constant 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push that 0
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+call Output.println 0
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Main.double 0
+push argument 0
+push constant 2
+call Math.multiply 2
+return
+function Main.fill 0
+label L2
+push argument 1
+push constant 0
+gt
+not
+if-goto L3
+push argument 1
+push constant 1
+sub
+pop argument 1
+push argument 0
+push argument 1
+push constant 3
+call Array.new 1
+pop temp 1
+add
+pop pointer 1
+push temp 1
+pop that 0
+goto L2
+label L3
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/ConvertToBin/Main.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/ConvertToBin/Main.jack
+
+/**
+ * Unpacks a 16-bit number into its binary representation:
+ * Takes the 16-bit number stored in RAM[8000] and stores its individual 
+ * bits in RAM[8001..8016] (each location will contain 0 or 1).
+ * Before the conversion, RAM[8001]..RAM[8016] are initialized to -1.
+ * 
+ * The program should be tested as follows:
+ * 1) Load the program into the supplied VM emulator
+ * 2) Put some value in RAM[8000]
+ * 3) Switch to "no animation"
+ * 4) Run the program (give it enough time to run)
+ * 5) Stop the program
+ * 6) Check that RAM[8001]..RAM[8016] contains the correct binary result, and
+ *    that none of these memory locations contains -1.
+ */
+class Main {
+    
+    /**
+     * Initializes RAM[8001]..RAM[8016] to -1,
+     * and converts the value in RAM[8000] to binary.
+     */
+    function void main() {
+	    var int value;
+        do Main.fillMemory(8001, 16, -1); // sets RAM[8001]..RAM[8016] to -1
+        let value = Memory.peek(8000);    // reads a value from RAM[8000]
+        do Main.convert(value);           // performs the conversion
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    /** Converts the given decimal value to binary, and puts 
+     *  the resulting bits in RAM[8001]..RAM[8016]. */
+    function void convert(int value) {
+    	var int mask, position;
+    	var boolean loop;
+    	
+    	let loop = true;
+    	while (loop) {
+    	    let position = position + 1;
+    	    let mask = Main.nextMask(mask);
+    	
+    	    if (~(position > 16)) {
+    	
+    	        if (~((value & mask) = 0)) {
+    	            do Memory.poke(8000 + position, 1);
+       	        }
+    	        else {
+    	            do Memory.poke(8000 + position, 0);
+      	        }    
+    	    }
+    	    else {
+    	        let loop = false;
+    	    }
+    	}
+    	return;
+    }
+ 
+    /** Returns the next mask (the mask that should follow the given mask). */
+    function int nextMask(int mask) {
+    	if (mask = 0) {
+    	    return 1;
+    	}
+    	else {
+	    return mask * 2;
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    /** Fills 'length' consecutive memory locations with 'value',
+      * starting at 'startAddress'. */
+    function void fillMemory(int startAddress, int length, int value) {
+        while (length > 0) {
+            do Memory.poke(startAddress, value);
+            let length = length - 1;
+            let startAddress = startAddress + 1;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/ConvertToBin/Main.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+function Main.main 1
+push constant 8001
+push constant 16
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Main.fillMemory 3
+pop temp 0
+push constant 8000
+call Memory.peek 1
+pop local 0
+push local 0
+call Main.convert 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Main.convert 3
+push constant 1
+neg
+pop local 2
+label L0
+push local 2
+not
+if-goto L1
+push local 1
+push constant 1
+add
+pop local 1
+push local 0
+call Main.nextMask 1
+pop local 0
+push local 1
+push constant 16
+gt
+not
+not
+if-goto L2
+push argument 0
+push local 0
+and
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+not
+if-goto L3
+push constant 8000
+push local 1
+add
+push constant 1
+call Memory.poke 2
+pop temp 0
+goto L4
+label L3
+push constant 8000
+push local 1
+add
+push constant 0
+call Memory.poke 2
+pop temp 0
+label L4
+goto L5
+label L2
+push constant 0
+pop local 2
+label L5
+goto L0
+label L1
+push constant 0
+return
+function Main.nextMask 0
+push argument 0
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+if-goto L6
+push constant 1
+return
+goto L7
+label L6
+push argument 0
+push constant 2
+call Math.multiply 2
+return
+label L7
+function Main.fillMemory 0
+label L8
+push argument 1
+push constant 0
+gt
+not
+if-goto L9
+push argument 0
+push argument 2
+call Memory.poke 2
+pop temp 0
+push argument 1
+push constant 1
+sub
+pop argument 1
+push argument 0
+push constant 1
+add
+pop argument 0
+goto L8
+label L9
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/JackCompiler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from tokenizer import Tokenizer
+from vmwriter import VMWriter
+from symbol_table import SymbolTable
+
+
+# TODO add names to variables when you call for them, aka current_vm_append(thingtobeappended=blablac)
+
+class CompilationEngine:
+    def __init__(self, tokenizer, full_path_vm):
+        self.string = self.sub_type = self.class_name = self.function_type = ''
+        self.tab = self.recursion_index = 0
+        self.tokenizer = tokenizer
+        self.sym_table = []
+        self.vmwriter = VMWriter(full_path_vm)
+        self.current_vm = []  # used to reverse some of the commands, eg a+b need to be a b +
+
+    def search_kind_of_sym(self, current_vm):
+        if self.sym_table[-1].kind_of(current_vm) is not None:
+            return self.sym_table[-1].kind_of(current_vm), self.sym_table[-1].index_of(current_vm)
+        for i in range(len(self.sym_table) - 2, -1,
+                       -1):  # start from the amount of sym_tables -2 so it starts from one below the current,
+            # until it is bigger than -1, walking it backwards
+            if self.sym_table[i].kind_of(current_vm) in ('static', 'this'):
+                return self.sym_table[i].kind_of(current_vm), self.sym_table[i].index_of(current_vm)
+
+    def search_type_of_sym(self, current_vm):
+        for i in range(len(self.sym_table) - 1, -1, -1):
+            if self.sym_table[i].type_of(current_vm) is not None:
+                return self.sym_table[i].type_of(current_vm)
+
+    def write_token(self):
+        if self.tokenizer.token_type() == 'stringConstant':
+            self.string += ' ' * self.tab + '<' + self.tokenizer.token_type() + '> ' + self.tokenizer.token.strip(
+                '"') + ' </' + self.tokenizer.token_type() + '>\n'
+        else:
+            self.string += ' ' * self.tab + '<' + self.tokenizer.token_type() + '> ' + self.tokenizer.token + ' </' \
+                           + self.tokenizer.token_type() + '>\n'
+
+    def compile_class(self):
+        self.sym_table.append(SymbolTable())
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # class ->
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # type ->
+        self.class_name = self.tokenizer.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # name ->
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # { ->
+        while self.tokenizer.token != '}':
+            if self.tokenizer.token in ['static', 'field']:
+                self.compile_class_var_dec()
+            if self.tokenizer.token in ['constructor', 'function', 'method']:
+                self.compile_subroutine()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        self.sym_table.pop()
+        self.vmwriter.close_vm_file()
+
+    def compile_class_var_dec(self):
+        var_kind = tokenizer_main.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        var_type = tokenizer_main.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        var_name = tokenizer_main.token
+        self.sym_table[-1].define(var_name, var_type, var_kind)
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        while self.tokenizer.token == ',':
+            self.tokenizer.advance()
+            var_name = tokenizer_main.token
+            self.sym_table[-1].define(var_name, var_type, var_kind)
+            self.tokenizer.advance()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+
+    def compile_subroutine(self):
+        self.sym_table.append(SymbolTable())
+        self.sub_type = self.tokenizer.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # subroutine type(function|method|constructor) ->
+        self.function_type = self.tokenizer.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # subroutine kind(int|void|etc..) ->
+        sub_name = self.tokenizer.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # subroutine name ->
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+        if self.sub_type == 'method':
+            self.sym_table[-1].start_subroutine('this', self.class_name)
+        self.compile_parameter_list()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # { ->
+        while self.tokenizer.token == 'var':  # create only symbol teable entries
+            self.compile_var_dec()
+        if self.sub_type == 'constructor':
+            self.vmwriter.write_function(f'{self.class_name}.{sub_name}', self.sym_table[-1].var_count('var'))
+            self.vmwriter.write_push('constant', self.sym_table[-2].var_count('field'))
+            self.vmwriter.write_call('Memory.alloc', 1)
+            self.vmwriter.write_pop('pointer', 0)
+        elif self.sub_type == 'method':
+            self.vmwriter.write_function(f'{self.class_name}.{sub_name}', self.sym_table[-1].var_count('var'))
+            self.vmwriter.write_push('argument', 0)
+            self.vmwriter.write_pop('pointer', 0)
+        else:
+            self.vmwriter.write_function(f'{self.class_name}.{sub_name}', self.sym_table[-1].var_count('var'))
+        while self.tokenizer.token != '}':
+            self.compile_statements()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        self.sym_table.pop()
+
+    def compile_parameter_list(self):
+        if self.tokenizer.token != ')':
+            var_type = self.tokenizer.token
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # var ype ->
+            var_name = self.tokenizer.token
+            self.sym_table[-1].define(var_name, var_type, 'argument')
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # var name ->
+            while self.tokenizer.token == ',':
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # , ->
+                var_type = self.tokenizer.token
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # type ->
+                var_name = self.tokenizer.token
+                self.sym_table[-1].define(var_name, var_type, 'argument')
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # name ->
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # )->
+
+    def compile_var_dec(self):
+        var_kind = tokenizer_main.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        var_type = tokenizer_main.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        var_name = tokenizer_main.token
+        self.sym_table[-1].define(var_name, var_type, var_kind)
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+        while self.tokenizer.token == ',':
+            self.tokenizer.advance()
+            var_name = tokenizer_main.token
+            self.sym_table[-1].define(var_name, var_type, var_kind)
+            self.tokenizer.advance()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()
+
+    def compile_statements(self):
+        while True:
+            if self.tokenizer.token == 'let':
+                self.compile_let()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token == 'if':
+                self.compile_if()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token == 'while':
+                self.compile_while()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token == 'do':
+                self.compile_do()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token == 'return':
+                self.compile_return()
+            else:
+                break
+
+    def compile_do(self):
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # do ->
+        class_name = self.tokenizer.token
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # name ->
+        if self.tokenizer.token == '(':  # method
+            self.vmwriter.write_push('pointer', 0)
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+            count = self.compile_expression_list()
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+            self.vmwriter.write_call(f'{self.class_name}.{class_name}', count + 1)
+        elif self.tokenizer.token == '.':  # method or function
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # . ->
+            fname = f'{class_name}.{self.tokenizer.token}'
+            sname = f'{self.search_type_of_sym(class_name)}.{self.tokenizer.token}'
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # name ->
+            if self.search_kind_of_sym(class_name) is not None:
+                self.vmwriter.write_push(*self.search_kind_of_sym(class_name))
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+            count = self.compile_expression_list()
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+            if self.search_kind_of_sym(class_name) is not None:
+                self.vmwriter.write_call(f'{sname}', count + 1)
+            else:
+                self.vmwriter.write_call(f'{fname}', count)
+        self.vmwriter.write_pop('temp', '0')
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ; ->
+
+    def compile_let(self):
+        flag_array = 0
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # let ->
+        self.current_vm.append(self.tokenizer.token)
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # var_name ->
+        if self.tokenizer.token == '[':
+            self.vmwriter.write_push(*self.search_kind_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1]))
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # [ ->
+            self.compile_expression()
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ] ->
+            flag_array = 1
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # = ->
+        self.compile_expression()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ; ->
+        if flag_array == 0:
+            self.vmwriter.write_pop(*self.search_kind_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1]))
+        else:
+            self.vmwriter.write_pop('temp', 1)
+            self.vmwriter.write_arithmetic('+')
+            self.vmwriter.write_pop('pointer', 1)
+            self.vmwriter.write_push('temp', 1)
+            self.vmwriter.write_pop('that', 0)
+        self.current_vm.pop()
+
+    def compile_while(self):
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # while ->
+        label1 = self.vmwriter.label_index
+        self.vmwriter.write_lable(self.vmwriter.label_index)
+        self.vmwriter.label_index += 1
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+        self.compile_expression()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+        label2 = self.vmwriter.label_index
+        self.vmwriter.write_if(self.vmwriter.label_index)
+        self.vmwriter.label_index += 1
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # { ->
+        self.compile_statements()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # } ->
+        self.vmwriter.write_goto(label1)
+        self.vmwriter.write_lable(label2)
+
+    def compile_return(self):
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # return ->
+        if self.tokenizer.token != ';':
+            self.compile_expression()
+        self.vmwriter.write_return(self.function_type)
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ; ->
+
+    def compile_if(self):
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # if ->
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+        self.compile_expression()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+        label1 = self.vmwriter.label_index
+        self.vmwriter.write_if(self.vmwriter.label_index)
+        self.vmwriter.label_index += 1
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # { ->
+        self.compile_statements()
+        self.tokenizer.advance()  # } ->
+        label2 = self.vmwriter.label_index
+        self.vmwriter.write_goto(self.vmwriter.label_index)
+        self.vmwriter.label_index += 1
+        self.vmwriter.write_lable(label1)
+        if self.tokenizer.token == 'else':
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # else ->
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # { ->
+            self.compile_statements()
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # } ->
+        self.vmwriter.write_lable(label2)
+
+    def compile_expression(self):
+        self.compile_term()
+        while self.tokenizer.token in ['+', '-', '*', '/', '|', '=', '>', '<', '&']:
+            self.current_vm.append(self.tokenizer.token)
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # symbol ->
+            self.compile_term()
+            self.vmwriter.write_arithmetic(self.current_vm[-1])
+            self.current_vm.pop()
+
+    def compile_term(self):
+        if self.tokenizer.token == '(':  # expression ()
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+            self.compile_expression()
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+        elif self.tokenizer.token in ['~', '-']:  # uniry op
+            self.current_vm.append(self.tokenizer.token)
+            tmp = 'neg' if self.tokenizer.token == '-' else self.tokenizer.token
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # ~ or - ->
+            self.compile_term()
+            self.vmwriter.write_arithmetic(tmp)
+            self.current_vm.pop()
+        elif self.tokenizer.token_type() != 'symbol':
+            self.current_vm.append(self.tokenizer.token)
+            self.tokenizer.advance()  # integer, string, keyword, varnname, subroutine_name, class_name, var_name ->
+            if self.tokenizer.token == '[':  # Array
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # [ ->
+                self.vmwriter.write_push(*self.search_kind_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1]))
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+                self.compile_expression()
+                self.vmwriter.write_arithmetic('+')
+                self.vmwriter.write_pop('pointer', 1)
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('that', 0)
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # ] ->
+            elif self.tokenizer.token == '(':  # subroutine_name ()
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+                count = self.compile_expression_list()
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+                self.vmwriter.write_call(f'{self.class_name}.{self.current_vm[-1]}', count)
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token == '.':  # method
+                if self.search_type_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1]) is not None:
+                    flag = 1
+                    self.vmwriter.write_push(*self.search_kind_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1]))
+                else:
+                    flag = 0
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # . ->
+                fname = self.tokenizer.token
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # subroutine name ->
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # ( ->
+                count = self.compile_expression_list()
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # ) ->
+                if flag == 1:
+                    self.vmwriter.write_call(f'{self.search_type_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1])}.{fname}', count + 1)
+                else:
+                    self.vmwriter.write_call(f'{self.current_vm[-1]}.{fname}', count)
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token_type(self.current_vm[-1]) == 'stringConstant':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('constant', len(self.current_vm[-1].strip('"')))
+                self.vmwriter.write_call('String.new', 1)
+                for index, item in enumerate(self.current_vm[-1].strip('"')):
+                    self.vmwriter.write_push('constant', ord(item))
+                    self.vmwriter.write_call('String.appendChar', 2)
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token_type(self.current_vm[-1]) == 'integerConstant':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('constant', self.current_vm[-1])
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.tokenizer.token_type(self.current_vm[-1]) == 'identifier':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push(*self.search_kind_of_sym(self.current_vm[-1]))
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.current_vm[-1] == 'true':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('constant', '1')
+                self.vmwriter.write_arithmetic('neg')
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.current_vm[-1] == 'false' or self.current_vm[-1] == 'null':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('constant', '0')
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.current_vm[-1] == 'this':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('pointer', '0')
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+            elif self.current_vm[-1] == 'that':
+                self.vmwriter.write_push('pointer', '1')
+                self.current_vm.pop()
+
+    def compile_expression_list(self):
+        count_exp = 0
+        if self.tokenizer.token in ['(', '~', '-'] or self.tokenizer.token_type() != 'symbol':
+            count_exp += 1
+            self.compile_expression()
+            while self.tokenizer.token == ',':
+                count_exp += 1
+                self.tokenizer.advance()  # ,
+                self.compile_expression()
+        return count_exp
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    path = os.getcwd()
+    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path, topdown=False):
+        for name in files:
+            if name[-4:] == 'jack':
+                tokenizer_main = Tokenizer()
+                tokenizer_main.clear_file(Path(root, name))
+                full_path = Path(root, name[:-4] + 'vm')
+                comp_eng_main = CompilationEngine(tokenizer_main, full_path)
+                comp_eng_main.compile_class()

projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack
+
+/**
+ * A graphical ball. Characterized by a screen location and distance of 
+ * last destination. Has methods for drawing, erasing and moving on the screen.
+ * The ball is displayed as a filled, 6-by-6 pixles rectangle. 
+ */
+class Ball {
+
+    field int x, y;               // the ball's screen location (in pixels)
+    field int lengthx, lengthy;   // distance of last destination (in pixels)
+
+    field int d, straightD, diagonalD;            // used for straight line movement computation
+    field boolean invert, positivex, positivey;   // (same)
+   
+    field int leftWall, rightWall, topWall, bottomWall;  // wall locations
+   
+    field int wall;   // last wall that the ball was bounced off of
+
+    /** Constructs a new ball with the given initial location and wall locations. */
+    constructor Ball new(int Ax, int Ay,
+                         int AleftWall, int ArightWall, int AtopWall, int AbottomWall) {    	
+	    let x = Ax;		
+	    let y = Ay;
+	    let leftWall = AleftWall;
+	    let rightWall = ArightWall - 6;    // -6 for ball size
+	    let topWall = AtopWall; 
+	    let bottomWall = AbottomWall - 6;  // -6 for ball size
+	    let wall = 0;
+        do show();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Deallocates the Ball's memory. */
+    method void dispose() {
+        do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Shows the ball. */
+    method void show() {
+        do Screen.setColor(true);
+        do draw();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Hides the ball. */
+    method void hide() {
+        do Screen.setColor(false);
+	    do draw();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Draws the ball. */
+    method void draw() {
+	    do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 5, y + 5);
+	    return;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the ball's left edge. */
+    method int getLeft() {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the ball's right edge. */
+    method int getRight() {
+        return x + 5;
+    }
+
+    /** Computes and sets the ball's destination. */
+    method void setDestination(int destx, int desty) {
+        var int dx, dy, temp;
+  	    let lengthx = destx - x;
+	    let lengthy = desty - y;
+        let dx = Math.abs(lengthx);
+        let dy = Math.abs(lengthy);
+        let invert = (dx < dy);
+
+        if (invert) {
+            let temp = dx; // swap dx, dy
+            let dx = dy;
+            let dy = temp;
+   	        let positivex = (y < desty);
+            let positivey = (x < destx);
+        }
+        else {
+	        let positivex = (x < destx);
+            let positivey = (y < desty);
+        }
+
+        let d = (2 * dy) - dx;
+        let straightD = 2 * dy;
+        let diagonalD = 2 * (dy - dx);
+
+	    return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Moves the ball one unit towards its destination.
+     * If the ball has reached a wall, returns 0.
+     * Else, returns a value according to the wall:
+     * 1 (left wall), 2 (right wall), 3 (top wall), 4 (bottom wall).
+     */
+    method int move() {
+
+	    do hide();
+
+        if (d < 0) { let d = d + straightD; }
+        else {
+            let d = d + diagonalD;
+
+            if (positivey) {
+                if (invert) { let x = x + 4; }
+                else { let y = y + 4; }
+            }
+            else {
+                if (invert) { let x = x - 4; }
+                else { let y = y - 4; }
+            }
+	    }
+
+        if (positivex) {
+            if (invert) { let y = y + 4; }
+            else { let x = x + 4; }
+	    }
+	    else {
+            if (invert) { let y = y - 4; }
+            else { let x = x - 4; }
+	    }
+
+	    if (~(x > leftWall)) {
+	        let wall = 1;    
+	        let x = leftWall;
+	    }
+        if (~(x < rightWall)) {
+	        let wall = 2;    
+	        let x = rightWall;
+	    }
+        if (~(y > topWall)) {
+            let wall = 3;    
+	        let y = topWall;
+        }
+        if (~(y < bottomWall)) {
+            let wall = 4;    
+	        let y = bottomWall;
+        }
+
+	    do show();
+
+	    return wall;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bounces off the current wall: sets the new destination
+     * of the ball according to the ball's angle and the given
+     * bouncing direction (-1/0/1=left/center/right or up/center/down).
+     */
+    method void bounce(int bouncingDirection) {
+        var int newx, newy, divLengthx, divLengthy, factor;
+
+	    // dividing by 10 first since results are too big
+        let divLengthx = lengthx / 10;
+        let divLengthy = lengthy / 10;
+	    if (bouncingDirection = 0) { let factor = 10; }
+	    else {
+	        if (((~(lengthx < 0)) & (bouncingDirection = 1)) | ((lengthx < 0) & (bouncingDirection = (-1)))) {
+                let factor = 20; // bounce direction is in ball direction
+            }
+	        else { let factor = 5; } // bounce direction is against ball direction
+	    }
+
+	    if (wall = 1) {
+	        let newx = 506;
+	        let newy = (divLengthy * (-50)) / divLengthx;
+            let newy = y + (newy * factor);
+	    }
+        else {
+            if (wall = 2) {
+                let newx = 0;
+                let newy = (divLengthy * 50) / divLengthx;
+                let newy = y + (newy * factor);
+	        }
+	        else {
+                if (wall = 3) {
+		            let newy = 250;
+		            let newx = (divLengthx * (-25)) / divLengthy;
+                    let newx = x + (newx * factor);
+		        }
+                else { // assumes wall = 4
+		            let newy = 0;
+		            let newx = (divLengthx * 25) / divLengthy;
+                    let newx = x + (newx * factor);
+		        }
+            }
+        }
+
+        do setDestination(newx, newy);
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/Pong/Ball.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+function Ball.new 0
+push constant 15
+call Memory.alloc 1
+pop pointer 0
+push argument 0
+pop this 0
+push argument 1
+pop this 1
+push argument 2
+pop this 10
+push argument 3
+push constant 6
+sub
+pop this 11
+push argument 4
+pop this 12
+push argument 5
+push constant 6
+sub
+pop this 13
+push constant 0
+pop this 14
+push pointer 0
+call Ball.show 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+return
+function Ball.dispose 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push pointer 0
+call Memory.deAlloc 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Ball.show 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call Ball.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Ball.hide 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call Ball.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Ball.draw 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push constant 5
+add
+push this 1
+push constant 5
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Ball.getLeft 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+return
+function Ball.getRight 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+push constant 5
+add
+return
+function Ball.setDestination 3
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push argument 1
+push this 0
+sub
+pop this 2
+push argument 2
+push this 1
+sub
+pop this 3
+push this 2
+call Math.abs 1
+pop local 0
+push this 3
+call Math.abs 1
+pop local 1
+push local 0
+push local 1
+lt
+pop this 7
+push this 7
+not
+if-goto L0
+push local 0
+pop local 2
+push local 1
+pop local 0
+push local 2
+pop local 1
+push this 1
+push argument 2
+lt
+pop this 8
+push this 0
+push argument 1
+lt
+pop this 9
+goto L1
+label L0
+push this 0
+push argument 1
+lt
+pop this 8
+push this 1
+push argument 2
+lt
+pop this 9
+label L1
+push constant 2
+push local 1
+call Math.multiply 2
+push local 0
+sub
+pop this 4
+push constant 2
+push local 1
+call Math.multiply 2
+pop this 5
+push constant 2
+push local 1
+push local 0
+sub
+call Math.multiply 2
+pop this 6
+push constant 0
+return
+function Ball.move 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push pointer 0
+call Ball.hide 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 4
+push constant 0
+lt
+not
+if-goto L2
+push this 4
+push this 5
+add
+pop this 4
+goto L3
+label L2
+push this 4
+push this 6
+add
+pop this 4
+push this 9
+not
+if-goto L4
+push this 7
+not
+if-goto L5
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+add
+pop this 0
+goto L6
+label L5
+push this 1
+push constant 4
+add
+pop this 1
+label L6
+goto L7
+label L4
+push this 7
+not
+if-goto L8
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+sub
+pop this 0
+goto L9
+label L8
+push this 1
+push constant 4
+sub
+pop this 1
+label L9
+label L7
+label L3
+push this 8
+not
+if-goto L10
+push this 7
+not
+if-goto L11
+push this 1
+push constant 4
+add
+pop this 1
+goto L12
+label L11
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+add
+pop this 0
+label L12
+goto L13
+label L10
+push this 7
+not
+if-goto L14
+push this 1
+push constant 4
+sub
+pop this 1
+goto L15
+label L14
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+sub
+pop this 0
+label L15
+label L13
+push this 0
+push this 10
+gt
+not
+not
+if-goto L16
+push constant 1
+pop this 14
+push this 10
+pop this 0
+goto L17
+label L16
+label L17
+push this 0
+push this 11
+lt
+not
+not
+if-goto L18
+push constant 2
+pop this 14
+push this 11
+pop this 0
+goto L19
+label L18
+label L19
+push this 1
+push this 12
+gt
+not
+not
+if-goto L20
+push constant 3
+pop this 14
+push this 12
+pop this 1
+goto L21
+label L20
+label L21
+push this 1
+push this 13
+lt
+not
+not
+if-goto L22
+push constant 4
+pop this 14
+push this 13
+pop this 1
+goto L23
+label L22
+label L23
+push pointer 0
+call Ball.show 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 14
+return
+function Ball.bounce 5
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 2
+push constant 10
+call Math.divide 2
+pop local 2
+push this 3
+push constant 10
+call Math.divide 2
+pop local 3
+push argument 1
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+if-goto L24
+push constant 10
+pop local 4
+goto L25
+label L24
+push this 2
+push constant 0
+lt
+not
+push argument 1
+push constant 1
+eq
+and
+push this 2
+push constant 0
+lt
+push argument 1
+push constant 1
+neg
+eq
+and
+or
+not
+if-goto L26
+push constant 20
+pop local 4
+goto L27
+label L26
+push constant 5
+pop local 4
+label L27
+label L25
+push this 14
+push constant 1
+eq
+not
+if-goto L28
+push constant 506
+pop local 0
+push local 3
+push constant 50
+neg
+call Math.multiply 2
+push local 2
+call Math.divide 2
+pop local 1
+push this 1
+push local 1
+push local 4
+call Math.multiply 2
+add
+pop local 1
+goto L29
+label L28
+push this 14
+push constant 2
+eq
+not
+if-goto L30
+push constant 0
+pop local 0
+push local 3
+push constant 50
+call Math.multiply 2
+push local 2
+call Math.divide 2
+pop local 1
+push this 1
+push local 1
+push local 4
+call Math.multiply 2
+add
+pop local 1
+goto L31
+label L30
+push this 14
+push constant 3
+eq
+not
+if-goto L32
+push constant 250
+pop local 1
+push local 2
+push constant 25
+neg
+call Math.multiply 2
+push local 3
+call Math.divide 2
+pop local 0
+push this 0
+push local 0
+push local 4
+call Math.multiply 2
+add
+pop local 0
+goto L33
+label L32
+push constant 0
+pop local 1
+push local 2
+push constant 25
+call Math.multiply 2
+push local 3
+call Math.divide 2
+pop local 0
+push this 0
+push local 0
+push local 4
+call Math.multiply 2
+add
+pop local 0
+label L33
+label L31
+label L29
+push pointer 0
+push local 0
+push local 1
+call Ball.setDestination 3
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack
+
+/**
+ * A graphical Pong bat. 
+ * Displayed as a filled horizontal rectangle that has 
+ * a screen location, a width and a height.
+ * Has methods for drawing, erasing, moving left and right, 
+ * and changing its width (to make the hitting action more challenging).
+ * This class should have been called "paddle", following the 
+ * standard Pong terminology. But, unaware of this terminology,
+ * we called it "bat", and then decided to stick to it. 
+ */
+class Bat {
+
+    field int x, y;           // the bat's screen location
+    field int width, height;  // the bat's width and height
+    field int direction;      // direction of the bat's movement (1 = left, 2 = right)
+
+    /** Constructs a new bat with the given location and width. */
+    constructor Bat new(int Ax, int Ay, int Awidth, int Aheight) {
+        let x = Ax;
+        let y = Ay;
+        let width = Awidth;
+        let height = Aheight;
+        let direction = 2;
+        do show();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Deallocates the object's memory. */
+    method void dispose() {
+        do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Shows the bat. */
+    method void show() {
+        do Screen.setColor(true);
+        do draw();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Hides the bat. */
+    method void hide() {
+        do Screen.setColor(false);
+        do draw();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Draws the bat. */
+    method void draw() {
+        do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + width, y + height);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the bat's direction (0=stop, 1=left, 2=right). */
+    method void setDirection(int Adirection) {
+        let direction = Adirection;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the bat's left edge. */
+    method int getLeft() {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the bat's right edge. */
+    method int getRight() {
+        return x + width;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the bat's width. */
+    method void setWidth(int Awidth) {
+        do hide();
+        let width = Awidth;
+        do show();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Moves the bat one step in the bat's direction. */
+    method void move() {
+	    if (direction = 1) {
+            let x = x - 4;
+            if (x < 0) { let x = 0; }
+            do Screen.setColor(false);
+            do Screen.drawRectangle((x + width) + 1, y, (x + width) + 4, y + height);
+            do Screen.setColor(true);
+            do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 3, y + height);
+        }
+        else {
+            let x = x + 4;
+            if ((x + width) > 511) { let x = 511 - width; }
+            do Screen.setColor(false);
+            do Screen.drawRectangle(x - 4, y, x - 1, y + height);
+            do Screen.setColor(true);
+            do Screen.drawRectangle((x + width) - 3, y, x + width, y + height);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/Pong/Bat.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+function Bat.new 0
+push constant 5
+call Memory.alloc 1
+pop pointer 0
+push argument 0
+pop this 0
+push argument 1
+pop this 1
+push argument 2
+pop this 2
+push argument 3
+pop this 3
+push constant 2
+pop this 4
+push pointer 0
+call Bat.show 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+return
+function Bat.dispose 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push pointer 0
+call Memory.deAlloc 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Bat.show 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call Bat.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Bat.hide 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call Bat.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Bat.draw 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 3
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Bat.setDirection 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push argument 1
+pop this 4
+push constant 0
+return
+function Bat.getLeft 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+return
+function Bat.getRight 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+return
+function Bat.setWidth 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push pointer 0
+call Bat.hide 1
+pop temp 0
+push argument 1
+pop this 2
+push pointer 0
+call Bat.show 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Bat.move 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 4
+push constant 1
+eq
+not
+if-goto L0
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+sub
+pop this 0
+push this 0
+push constant 0
+lt
+not
+if-goto L1
+push constant 0
+pop this 0
+goto L2
+label L1
+label L2
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 1
+add
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 4
+add
+push this 1
+push this 3
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push constant 3
+add
+push this 1
+push this 3
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+goto L3
+label L0
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+add
+pop this 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 511
+gt
+not
+if-goto L4
+push constant 511
+push this 2
+sub
+pop this 0
+goto L5
+label L4
+label L5
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push constant 4
+sub
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push constant 1
+sub
+push this 1
+push this 3
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 3
+sub
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 3
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+label L3
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Pong/Main.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/Main.jack
+
+/**
+ * The main class of the Pong game.
+ */
+class Main {
+
+    /** Initializes a Pong game and starts running it. */
+    function void main() {
+        var PongGame game;
+        do PongGame.newInstance();
+        let game = PongGame.getInstance();
+        do game.run();
+        do game.dispose();
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/Pong/Main.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function Main.main 1
+call PongGame.newInstance 0
+pop temp 0
+call PongGame.getInstance 0
+pop local 0
+push local 0
+call PongGame.run 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 0
+call PongGame.dispose 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack
+
+/**
+ * Represents a Pong game.
+ */
+class PongGame {
+
+    static PongGame instance; // the singelton, a Pong game instance     
+    field Bat bat;            // the bat
+    field Ball ball;          // the ball
+    field int wall;           // the current wall that the ball is bouncing off of.
+    field boolean exit;       // true when the game is over
+    field int score;          // the current score.
+    field int lastWall;       // the last wall that the ball bounced off of.
+
+    // The current width of the bat
+    field int batWidth;
+
+    /** Constructs a new Pong game. */
+    constructor PongGame new() {
+	    do Screen.clearScreen();
+        let batWidth = 50;  // initial bat size
+        let bat = Bat.new(230, 229, batWidth, 7);
+        let ball = Ball.new(253, 222, 0, 511, 0, 229);
+        do ball.setDestination(400,0);
+        do Screen.drawRectangle(0, 238, 511, 240);
+	    do Output.moveCursor(22,0);
+	    do Output.printString("Score: 0");
+	
+	    let exit = false;
+	    let score = 0;
+	    let wall = 0;
+	    let lastWall = 0;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Deallocates the object's memory. */
+    method void dispose() {
+        do bat.dispose();
+	    do ball.dispose();
+        do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /** Creates an instance of Pong game, and stores it. */
+    function void newInstance() {
+        let instance = PongGame.new();
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    /** Returns the single instance of this Pong game. */
+    function PongGame getInstance() {
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    /** Starts the game, and andles inputs from the user that control
+     *  the bat's movement direction. */
+    method void run() {
+        var char key;
+
+        while (~exit) {
+            // waits for a key to be pressed.
+            while ((key = 0) & (~exit)) {
+                let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+                do bat.move();
+                do moveBall();
+                do Sys.wait(50);
+            }
+
+            if (key = 130) { do bat.setDirection(1); }
+	        else {
+	            if (key = 132) { do bat.setDirection(2); }
+		        else {
+                    if (key = 140) { let exit = true; }
+		        }
+            }
+
+            // Waits for the key to be released.
+            while ((~(key = 0)) & (~exit)) {
+                let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+                do bat.move();
+                do moveBall();
+                do Sys.wait(50);
+            }
+        }
+
+	    if (exit) {
+            do Output.moveCursor(10,27);
+	        do Output.printString("Game Over");
+	    }
+            
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handles ball movement, including bouncing.
+     * If the ball bounces off a wall, finds its new direction.
+     * If the ball bounces off the bat, increases the score by one
+     * and shrinks the bat's size, to make the game more challenging. 
+     */
+    method void moveBall() {
+        var int bouncingDirection, batLeft, batRight, ballLeft, ballRight;
+
+        let wall = ball.move();
+
+        if ((wall > 0) & (~(wall = lastWall))) {
+            let lastWall = wall;
+            let bouncingDirection = 0;
+            let batLeft = bat.getLeft();
+            let batRight = bat.getRight();
+            let ballLeft = ball.getLeft();
+            let ballRight = ball.getRight();
+  
+            if (wall = 4) {
+                let exit = (batLeft > ballRight) | (batRight < ballLeft);
+                if (~exit) {
+                    if (ballRight < (batLeft + 10)) { let bouncingDirection = -1; }
+                    else {
+                        if (ballLeft > (batRight - 10)) { let bouncingDirection = 1; }
+                    }
+
+                    let batWidth = batWidth - 2;
+                    do bat.setWidth(batWidth);      
+                    let score = score + 1;
+                    do Output.moveCursor(22,7);
+                    do Output.printInt(score);
+                }
+            }
+            do ball.bounce(bouncingDirection);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/Pong/PongGame.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+function PongGame.new 0
+push constant 7
+call Memory.alloc 1
+pop pointer 0
+call Screen.clearScreen 0
+pop temp 0
+push constant 50
+pop this 6
+push constant 230
+push constant 229
+push this 6
+push constant 7
+call Bat.new 4
+pop this 0
+push constant 253
+push constant 222
+push constant 0
+push constant 511
+push constant 0
+push constant 229
+call Ball.new 6
+pop this 1
+push this 1
+push constant 400
+push constant 0
+call Ball.setDestination 3
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+push constant 238
+push constant 511
+push constant 240
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 22
+push constant 0
+call Output.moveCursor 2
+pop temp 0
+push constant 8
+call String.new 1
+push constant 83
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 99
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 111
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 58
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 48
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+pop this 3
+push constant 0
+pop this 4
+push constant 0
+pop this 2
+push constant 0
+pop this 5
+push pointer 0
+return
+function PongGame.dispose 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+call Bat.dispose 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 1
+call Ball.dispose 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call Memory.deAlloc 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function PongGame.newInstance 0
+call PongGame.new 0
+pop static 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function PongGame.getInstance 0
+push static 0
+return
+function PongGame.run 1
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+label L0
+push this 3
+not
+not
+if-goto L1
+label L2
+push local 0
+push constant 0
+eq
+push this 3
+not
+and
+not
+if-goto L3
+call Keyboard.keyPressed 0
+pop local 0
+push this 0
+call Bat.move 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call PongGame.moveBall 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 50
+call Sys.wait 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L2
+label L3
+push local 0
+push constant 130
+eq
+not
+if-goto L4
+push this 0
+push constant 1
+call Bat.setDirection 2
+pop temp 0
+goto L5
+label L4
+push local 0
+push constant 132
+eq
+not
+if-goto L6
+push this 0
+push constant 2
+call Bat.setDirection 2
+pop temp 0
+goto L7
+label L6
+push local 0
+push constant 140
+eq
+not
+if-goto L8
+push constant 1
+neg
+pop this 3
+goto L9
+label L8
+label L9
+label L7
+label L5
+label L10
+push local 0
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+push this 3
+not
+and
+not
+if-goto L11
+call Keyboard.keyPressed 0
+pop local 0
+push this 0
+call Bat.move 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call PongGame.moveBall 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 50
+call Sys.wait 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L10
+label L11
+goto L0
+label L1
+push this 3
+not
+if-goto L12
+push constant 10
+push constant 27
+call Output.moveCursor 2
+pop temp 0
+push constant 9
+call String.new 1
+push constant 71
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 97
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 109
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 32
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 79
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 118
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 101
+call String.appendChar 2
+push constant 114
+call String.appendChar 2
+call Output.printString 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L13
+label L12
+label L13
+push constant 0
+return
+function PongGame.moveBall 5
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 1
+call Ball.move 1
+pop this 2
+push this 2
+push constant 0
+gt
+push this 2
+push this 5
+eq
+not
+and
+not
+if-goto L14
+push this 2
+pop this 5
+push constant 0
+pop local 0
+push this 0
+call Bat.getLeft 1
+pop local 1
+push this 0
+call Bat.getRight 1
+pop local 2
+push this 1
+call Ball.getLeft 1
+pop local 3
+push this 1
+call Ball.getRight 1
+pop local 4
+push this 2
+push constant 4
+eq
+not
+if-goto L15
+push local 1
+push local 4
+gt
+push local 2
+push local 3
+lt
+or
+pop this 3
+push this 3
+not
+not
+if-goto L16
+push local 4
+push local 1
+push constant 10
+add
+lt
+not
+if-goto L17
+push constant 1
+neg
+pop local 0
+goto L18
+label L17
+push local 3
+push local 2
+push constant 10
+sub
+gt
+not
+if-goto L19
+push constant 1
+pop local 0
+goto L20
+label L19
+label L20
+label L18
+push this 6
+push constant 2
+sub
+pop this 6
+push this 0
+push this 6
+call Bat.setWidth 2
+pop temp 0
+push this 4
+push constant 1
+add
+pop this 4
+push constant 22
+push constant 7
+call Output.moveCursor 2
+pop temp 0
+push this 4
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L21
+label L16
+label L21
+goto L22
+label L15
+label L22
+push this 1
+push local 0
+call Ball.bounce 2
+pop temp 0
+goto L23
+label L14
+label L23
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Seven/Main.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Seven/Main.jack
+
+/**
+ * Computes the value of 1 + (2 * 3) and prints the result
+ * at the top-left of the screen.  
+ */
+class Main {
+
+   function void main() {
+      do Output.printInt(1 + (2 * 3));
+      return;
+   }
+
+}

projects/11/Seven/Main.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function Main.main 0
+push constant 1
+push constant 2
+push constant 3
+call Math.multiply 2
+add
+call Output.printInt 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Square/Main.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Square/Main.jack
+
+// (same as projects/09/Square/Main.jack)
+
+/** Initializes a new Square Dance game and starts running it. */
+class Main {
+    function void main() {
+        var SquareGame game;
+        let game = SquareGame.new();
+        do game.run();
+        do game.dispose();
+        return;
+    }
+}

projects/11/Square/Main.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function Main.main 1
+call SquareGame.new 0
+pop local 0
+push local 0
+call SquareGame.run 1
+pop temp 0
+push local 0
+call SquareGame.dispose 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Square/Square.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Square/Square.jack
+
+// (same as projects/09/Square/Square.jack)
+
+/** Implements a graphical square. */
+class Square {
+
+   field int x, y; // screen location of the square's top-left corner
+   field int size; // length of this square, in pixels
+
+   /** Constructs a new square with a given location and size. */
+   constructor Square new(int Ax, int Ay, int Asize) {
+      let x = Ax;
+      let y = Ay;
+      let size = Asize;
+      do draw();
+      return this;
+   }
+
+   /** Disposes this square. */
+   method void dispose() {
+      do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Draws the square on the screen. */
+   method void draw() {
+      do Screen.setColor(true);
+      do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Erases the square from the screen. */
+   method void erase() {
+      do Screen.setColor(false);
+      do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      return;
+   }
+
+    /** Increments the square size by 2 pixels. */
+   method void incSize() {
+      if (((y + size) < 254) & ((x + size) < 510)) {
+         do erase();
+         let size = size + 2;
+         do draw();
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Decrements the square size by 2 pixels. */
+   method void decSize() {
+      if (size > 2) {
+         do erase();
+         let size = size - 2;
+         do draw();
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square up by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveUp() {
+      if (y > 1) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, (y + size) - 1, x + size, y + size);
+         let y = y - 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + 1);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square down by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveDown() {
+      if ((y + size) < 254) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + size, y + 1);
+         let y = y + 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, (y + size) - 1, x + size, y + size);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square left by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveLeft() {
+      if (x > 1) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle((x + size) - 1, y, x + size, y + size);
+         let x = x - 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 1, y + size);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square right by 2 pixels. */
+   method void moveRight() {
+      if ((x + size) < 510) {
+         do Screen.setColor(false);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 1, y + size);
+         let x = x + 2;
+         do Screen.setColor(true);
+         do Screen.drawRectangle((x + size) - 1, y, x + size, y + size);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+}

projects/11/Square/Square.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+function Square.new 0
+push constant 3
+call Memory.alloc 1
+pop pointer 0
+push argument 0
+pop this 0
+push argument 1
+pop this 1
+push argument 2
+pop this 2
+push pointer 0
+call Square.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+return
+function Square.dispose 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push pointer 0
+call Memory.deAlloc 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.draw 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.erase 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.incSize 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 254
+lt
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 510
+lt
+and
+not
+if-goto L0
+push pointer 0
+call Square.erase 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 2
+push constant 2
+add
+pop this 2
+push pointer 0
+call Square.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L1
+label L0
+label L1
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.decSize 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 2
+push constant 2
+gt
+not
+if-goto L2
+push pointer 0
+call Square.erase 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 2
+push constant 2
+sub
+pop this 2
+push pointer 0
+call Square.draw 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L3
+label L2
+label L3
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.moveUp 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 1
+push constant 1
+gt
+not
+if-goto L4
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 1
+sub
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push this 1
+push constant 2
+sub
+pop this 1
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push constant 1
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+goto L5
+label L4
+label L5
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.moveDown 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 254
+lt
+not
+if-goto L6
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push constant 1
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push this 1
+push constant 2
+add
+pop this 1
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 1
+sub
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+goto L7
+label L6
+label L7
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.moveLeft 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+push constant 1
+gt
+not
+if-goto L8
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 1
+sub
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push constant 2
+sub
+pop this 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push constant 1
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+goto L9
+label L8
+label L9
+push constant 0
+return
+function Square.moveRight 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 510
+lt
+not
+if-goto L10
+push constant 0
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push constant 1
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push constant 2
+add
+pop this 0
+push constant 1
+neg
+call Screen.setColor 1
+pop temp 0
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push constant 1
+sub
+push this 1
+push this 0
+push this 2
+add
+push this 1
+push this 2
+add
+call Screen.drawRectangle 4
+pop temp 0
+goto L11
+label L10
+label L11
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/Square/SquareGame.jack

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Square/SquareGame.jack
+
+// (same as projects/09/Square/SquareGame.jack)
+
+/**
+ * Implements the Square Dance game.
+ * This simple game allows the user to move a black square around
+ * the screen, and change the square's size during the movement.
+ * When the game starts, a square of 30 by 30 pixels is shown at the
+ * top-left corner of the screen. The user controls the square as follows.
+ * The 4 arrow keys are used to move the square up, down, left, and right.
+ * The 'z' and 'x' keys are used, respectively, to decrement and increment
+ * the square's size. The 'q' key is used to quit the game.
+ */
+
+class SquareGame {
+   field Square square; // the square of this game
+   field int direction; // the square's current direction: 
+                        // 0=none, 1=up, 2=down, 3=left, 4=right
+
+   /** Constructs a new Square Game. */
+   constructor SquareGame new() {
+      // Creates a 30 by 30 pixels square and positions it at the top-left
+      // of the screen.
+      let square = Square.new(0, 0, 30);
+      let direction = 0;  // initial state is no movement
+      return this;
+   }
+
+   /** Disposes this game. */
+   method void dispose() {
+      do square.dispose();
+      do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Moves the square in the current direction. */
+   method void moveSquare() {
+      if (direction = 1) { do square.moveUp(); }
+      if (direction = 2) { do square.moveDown(); }
+      if (direction = 3) { do square.moveLeft(); }
+      if (direction = 4) { do square.moveRight(); }
+      do Sys.wait(5);  // delays the next movement
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Runs the game: handles the user's inputs and moves the square accordingly */
+   method void run() {
+      var char key;  // the key currently pressed by the user
+      var boolean exit;
+      let exit = false;
+      
+      while (~exit) {
+         // waits for a key to be pressed
+         while (key = 0) {
+            let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+            do moveSquare();
+         }
+         if (key = 81)  { let exit = true; }     // q key
+         if (key = 90)  { do square.decSize(); } // z key
+         if (key = 88)  { do square.incSize(); } // x key
+         if (key = 131) { let direction = 1; }   // up arrow
+         if (key = 133) { let direction = 2; }   // down arrow
+         if (key = 130) { let direction = 3; }   // left arrow
+         if (key = 132) { let direction = 4; }   // right arrow
+
+         // waits for the key to be released
+         while (~(key = 0)) {
+            let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+            do moveSquare();
+         }
+     } // while
+     return;
+   }
+}
+
+
+

projects/11/Square/SquareGame.vm

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+function SquareGame.new 0
+push constant 2
+call Memory.alloc 1
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 0
+push constant 0
+push constant 30
+call Square.new 3
+pop this 0
+push constant 0
+pop this 1
+push pointer 0
+return
+function SquareGame.dispose 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 0
+call Square.dispose 1
+pop temp 0
+push pointer 0
+call Memory.deAlloc 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function SquareGame.moveSquare 0
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push this 1
+push constant 1
+eq
+not
+if-goto L0
+push this 0
+call Square.moveUp 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L1
+label L0
+label L1
+push this 1
+push constant 2
+eq
+not
+if-goto L2
+push this 0
+call Square.moveDown 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L3
+label L2
+label L3
+push this 1
+push constant 3
+eq
+not
+if-goto L4
+push this 0
+call Square.moveLeft 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L5
+label L4
+label L5
+push this 1
+push constant 4
+eq
+not
+if-goto L6
+push this 0
+call Square.moveRight 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L7
+label L6
+label L7
+push constant 5
+call Sys.wait 1
+pop temp 0
+push constant 0
+return
+function SquareGame.run 2
+push argument 0
+pop pointer 0
+push constant 0
+pop local 1
+label L8
+push local 1
+not
+not
+if-goto L9
+label L10
+push local 0
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+if-goto L11
+call Keyboard.keyPressed 0
+pop local 0
+push pointer 0
+call SquareGame.moveSquare 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L10
+label L11
+push local 0
+push constant 81
+eq
+not
+if-goto L12
+push constant 1
+neg
+pop local 1
+goto L13
+label L12
+label L13
+push local 0
+push constant 90
+eq
+not
+if-goto L14
+push this 0
+call Square.decSize 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L15
+label L14
+label L15
+push local 0
+push constant 88
+eq
+not
+if-goto L16
+push this 0
+call Square.incSize 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L17
+label L16
+label L17
+push local 0
+push constant 131
+eq
+not
+if-goto L18
+push constant 1
+pop this 1
+goto L19
+label L18
+label L19
+push local 0
+push constant 133
+eq
+not
+if-goto L20
+push constant 2
+pop this 1
+goto L21
+label L20
+label L21
+push local 0
+push constant 130
+eq
+not
+if-goto L22
+push constant 3
+pop this 1
+goto L23
+label L22
+label L23
+push local 0
+push constant 132
+eq
+not
+if-goto L24
+push constant 4
+pop this 1
+goto L25
+label L24
+label L25
+label L26
+push local 0
+push constant 0
+eq
+not
+not
+if-goto L27
+call Keyboard.keyPressed 0
+pop local 0
+push pointer 0
+call SquareGame.moveSquare 1
+pop temp 0
+goto L26
+label L27
+goto L8
+label L9
+push constant 0
+return

projects/11/lang.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+python3
+debug

projects/11/symbol_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+class Symbol:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.s_name = ''
+        self.s_kind = ''
+        self.s_type = ''
+        self.s_index = 0
+
+
+class SymbolTable:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.sym = []
+
+    def define(self, s_name, s_type, s_kind):
+        self.sym.append(Symbol())
+        self.sym[-1].s_name = s_name
+        self.sym[-1].s_type = s_type
+        self.sym[-1].s_kind = s_kind
+        self.sym[-1].s_index = self.var_count(s_kind) - 1
+
+    def start_subroutine(self, s_name, s_type):
+        self.sym.append(Symbol())
+        self.sym[-1].s_name = s_name
+        self.sym[-1].s_type = s_type
+        self.sym[-1].s_kind = 'argument'
+        self.sym[-1].s_index = 0
+
+    def start_class(self, s_name, s_type):
+        self.sym.append(Symbol())
+        self.sym[-1].s_name = 'this'
+        self.sym[-1].s_type = s_type
+        self.sym[-1].s_kind = 'field'
+        self.sym[-1].s_index = 0
+
+    def var_count(self, s_kind):
+        count = 0  # it is -1 so the first index is 0
+        for i in self.sym:
+            if i.s_kind == s_kind:
+                count += 1
+        return count
+
+    def kind_of(self, s_name):
+        for i in self.sym:
+            if i.s_name == s_name:
+                if i.s_kind == 'var':
+                    return 'local'
+                elif i.s_kind == 'field':
+                    return 'this'
+                else:
+                    return i.s_kind
+        return None
+
+    def type_of(self, s_name):
+        for i in self.sym:
+            if i.s_name == s_name:
+                return i.s_type
+        return None
+
+    def index_of(self, s_name):
+        for i in self.sym:
+            if i.s_name == s_name:
+                return i.s_index
+        return None

projects/11/tokenizer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import re
+
+
+class Tokenizer:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.i = 0
+        self.file = ''
+        self.symbols = ('(', ')', '[', ']', '}', '{', '>', '<', '=', '*', '+', '-', '/', '.', ';', ',', '&', '|',
+                        '~')
+        self.key_word = (
+            'class', 'method', 'function', 'constructor', 'int', 'boolean', 'char', 'void', 'var', 'static', 'field',
+            'let', 'do', 'if', 'else', 'while', 'return', 'true', 'false', 'null', 'this')
+        self.token = ''
+
+    def token_type(self, token=None):
+        if token is None:
+            token = self.token
+        if token is None or token == '':
+            return None
+        if token in self.key_word:
+            return 'keyword'
+        elif token[0] == '"':
+            return 'stringConstant'
+        elif re.match(r"\d+", token):
+            return 'integerConstant'
+        elif token in self.symbols:
+            return 'symbol'
+        else:
+            return 'identifier'
+
+    def advance(self):
+        token = ''
+        i = self.i
+        while i < len(self.file):
+            if re.match(r'\s', self.file[i]):
+                i = i + 1
+                continue
+            else:
+                if self.file[i] in self.symbols:
+                    self.token = self.file[i]
+                    self.i = i + 1
+                    return
+                elif self.file[i] == '"':
+                    i += 1
+                    while self.file[i] != '"':
+                        token += self.file[i]
+                        i += 1
+                    self.i = i + 1
+                    self.token = '"' + token + '"'
+                    return
+                else:
+                    while re.match(r'\w', self.file[i]):
+                        token += self.file[i]
+                        if i + 1 > len(self.file) - 1:
+                            break
+                        i += 1
+                    self.i = i
+                    self.token = token
+                    return
+
+    def clear_file(self, directory):
+        with open(directory, "r") as my_file:
+            txt = my_file.read()
+            txt = re.sub(r"//.*", "", txt)
+            txt = re.sub(r"/[*][*].*[*]/", "", txt)
+            i = 0
+            # TODO this should be a regex
+            while i < len(txt):
+                if txt[i] == '/' and txt[i + 1] == '*' and txt[i + 2] == '*':
+                    start = i
+                    while txt[i] != '*' or txt[i + 1] != '/':
+                        i += 1
+                    stop = i + 2
+                    txt = txt[:start] + txt[stop:len(txt)]
+                    i = start - 1
+                i += 1
+        self.file = txt

projects/11/vmwriter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+class VMWriter:
+    def __init__(self, vm_path):
+        self.my_vm = open(vm_path, "w+")
+        self.label_index = 0
+
+    def write_push(self, segment, index):
+        self.my_vm.write(f'push {segment} {index}\n')
+        print(f'push {segment} {index}')
+
+    def write_lable(self, label):
+        self.my_vm.write(f'label L{label}\n')
+        print(f'label L{label}')
+
+    def write_arithmetic(self, command):
+        if command == '+':
+            self.my_vm.write('add\n')
+            print('add')
+        elif command == '-':
+            self.my_vm.write('sub\n')
+            print('sub')
+        elif command == 'neg':
+            self.my_vm.write('neg\n')
+            print('neg')
+        elif command == '=':
+            self.my_vm.write('eq\n')
+            print('eq')
+        elif command == '>':
+            self.my_vm.write('gt\n')
+            print('gt')
+        elif command == '<':
+            self.my_vm.write('lt\n')
+            print('lt')
+        elif command == '&':
+            self.my_vm.write('and\n')
+            print('and')
+        elif command == '|':
+            self.my_vm.write('or\n')
+            print('or')
+        elif command == '~':
+            self.my_vm.write('not\n')
+            print('not')
+        elif command == '*':
+            self.write_call('Math.multiply', 2)
+        elif command == '/':
+            self.write_call('Math.divide', 2)
+
+    def write_pop(self, segment, index):
+        print(f'pop {segment} {index}')
+        self.my_vm.write(f'pop {segment} {index}\n')
+
+    def write_goto(self, label):
+        self.my_vm.write(f'goto L{label}\n')
+        print(f'goto L{label}')
+
+    def write_if(self, label):
+        self.write_arithmetic('~')
+        self.my_vm.write(f'if-goto L{label}\n')
+        print(f'if-goto L{label}')
+
+    def write_call(self, label, num_args):
+        self.my_vm.write(f'call {label} {num_args}\n')
+        print(f'call {label} {num_args}')
+
+    def write_function(self, label, num_locals):
+        self.my_vm.write(f'function {label} {num_locals}\n')
+        print(f'function {label} {num_locals}')
+
+    def write_return(self, func_type):
+        if func_type == 'void':
+            self.write_push('constant', '0')
+        self.my_vm.write('return\n')
+        print(f'return')
+
+    def close_vm_file(self):
+        self.my_vm.close()